Magnesium Chloride

30mL

200mg/ml
Magnesium chloride injection is typically administered intravenously (IV) by a healthcare provider. Here are the key steps involved in its administration:
Preparation: The injection is usually diluted in a solution like 5% Dextrose Injection. For example, 4 grams of magnesium chloride might be diluted in 250 mL of the solution [1].

Magnesium chloride works by serving as a cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions within the body, particularly those involved in protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism12. Here are some key points about its mechanism of action:
Enzyme Activation: Magnesium is essential for the activation of over 300 enzymatic reactions, which are crucial for various physiological functions [2][3].
Neuromuscular Function: It helps regulate neuromuscular transmission and muscle contraction by influencing the release of neurotransmitters and the function of ion channels [2][3].
Electrolyte Balance: Magnesium plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of other electrolytes, such as calcium and potassium, which are important for normal cellular function [2][3].
Membrane Stabilization: It stabilizes cell membranes and helps maintain the electrical potential across cell membranes, which is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction [1][3].
 

Contraindications:
Renal Impairment: Should not be administered to patients with significant kidney dysfunction [1].
Severe Heart Disease: Not recommended for individuals with marked myocardial disease [1].
Comatose Patients: Should not be given to patients in a coma [1].
Precautions:
Monitoring: Close monitoring of respiration and blood pressure during and after administration is essential [1].
Flushing and Sweating: Administer with caution if these symptoms occur[4].
Calcium Availability: A calcium salt preparation should be readily available to counteract potential serious signs of magnesium intoxication [1].
 

Drug Interactions:
Antibiotics: Magnesium can reduce the absorption of certain antibiotics, such as tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline) and fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) [1].
Bisphosphonates: Magnesium can interfere with the absorption of bisphosphonates, which are used to treat osteoporosis [1].
Calcium Channel Blockers: Concurrent use may enhance the effects of these medications, potentially leading to an increased risk of side effects [1].
Diuretics: Some diuretics can increase magnesium loss, while others can increase magnesium levels, affecting the balance [1].
 

Common Side Effects:
Flushing: Redness in the face or neck [1].
Sweating: Increased perspiration [1].
Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal discomfort [1].
Dizziness: Feeling light-headed or faint [1].
Serious Side Effects:
Respiratory Depression: Shallow or weak breathing [1].
Hypothermia: Low body temperature [1].
Hypotension: Sharply lowered blood pressure [1].
Stupor and Coma: Severe central nervous system depression [1].
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats [1].
Allergic Reactions:
Hives: Itchy, raised welts on the skin [1].
Swelling: Particularly of the face, lips, tongue, or throat [1].
Difficulty Breathing: Severe allergic reactions can cause breathing problems [1].
 

Pregnancy
Should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, as its effects on fetal development are not well studied [1]..

Magnesium chloride injection should be stored at controlled room temperature, specifically between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [1]. Here are some additional storage tips:
Keep in Original Container: Store the injection in its original container to protect it from light and moisture [5].
Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Do not freeze the injection or expose it to excessive heat [1].