Cyanocobalamin Injection (B12)
2 mg/mL
Size: 30 mLCyanocobalamin is a synthetic, highly stable form of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) containing a cyanide group that stabilizes the molecule [1][2]. It is widely utilized in clinical settings for parenteral vitamin B12 supplementation.
Sterile Cyanocobalamin Injection is formulated to support healthcare providers in the treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency through reliable parenteral administration.
Cyanocobalamin is a vital compound for cellular division and growth, hematopoiesis, and myelin synthesis. This essential vitamin plays a critical role in neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Demand for cyanocobalamin is particularly high in cells that undergo rapid division, such as bone marrow and epithelial cells [1][2].
More About This Product
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• Concentration: 2 mg/mL
• Volume: 30 mL Multi-Dose Vial
• Route of Administration: Intramuscular (IM) or Subcutaneous (SC) Use.
Cyanocobalamin is formulated as a sterile parenteral solution utilized in clinical settings to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency [4]. Adherence to strict aseptic technique is required during vial puncture and administration.
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Vitamin B12 serves as a critical cofactor for methionine synthase and L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase enzymes. Methionine synthase is essential for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines required for DNA formation. L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA during the degradation of propionate—a vital reaction for fat and protein metabolism. The neurological manifestations of B12 deficiency are believed to be driven by a lack of this cofactor and the resulting accumulation of methylmalonyl-CoA [2][3]. Additionally, succinyl-CoA is fundamentally required for hemoglobin synthesis.
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Contraindications: Cyanocobalamin is strictly contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity or anaphylactic allergy to vitamin B12, cobalamin, cobalt, or any component of the formulation [4].
Precautions: Patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) or a significant hypersensitivity history should be evaluated carefully prior to therapy [4][5].
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The following medications may influence vitamin B12 status or therapeutic response:
Chloramphenicol: May blunt the hematologic response to parenteral cyanocobalamin therapy in patients with pernicious anemia [5].
Gastrointestinal Absorption Inhibitors (PPIs, H2 Blockers, Metformin): Chronic use of medications such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, ranitidine, famotidine, or metformin may contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency through reduced gastrointestinal absorption. While these medications do not directly alter the efficacy of injected cyanocobalamin, they underscore the clinical necessity for parenteral supplementation in these patient populations [4][5].
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Parenteral administration of vitamin B12 is generally well-tolerated and non-toxic even at high doses. Reported adverse reactions following administration may include [4]:
Cardiovascular: Transient pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure during early treatment; peripheral vascular thrombosis.
Gastrointestinal: Mild, transient diarrhea.
Dermatological: Pruritus (itching); transitory exanthema (widespread rash).
Systemic: Feeling of generalized swelling; anaphylaxis (rare).
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Pregnancy: Adequate and well-controlled studies have not been conducted in pregnant women. Cyanocobalamin requirements increase during pregnancy, and supplementation should be administered during pregnancy when clinically indicated [4].
Lactation: Cyanocobalamin is excreted in human breast milk at levels comparable to maternal plasma. Adequate vitamin B12 intake during lactation is important to support maternal and neonatal health [2][4].
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Store at USP Controlled Room Temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Protect from prolonged exposure to light, heat, and moisture. Store in the original carton until time of use. Safely discard any unused portion after the designated beyond-use date (BUD) in accordance with standard facility protocols for medical waste. Do not flush unused medications [4].
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[1] Markle HV, Greenway DC. Cobalamin. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences. 1996; 33: 247-356.
[2] Herrmann W, Obeid R. Cobalamin deficiency. Subcell Biochem. 2012; 56: 301-322.
[3] Paul C, Brady DM. Comparative Bioavailability and Utilization of Particular Forms of B12 Supplements With Potential to Mitigate B12-related Genetic Polymorphisms. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal. 2017; 16: 42–49.
[4] U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Cyanocobalamin Injection Professional Prescribing Information. DailyMed.
[5] StatPearls. Cyanocobalamin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Refer to the full prescribing information for complete safety and prescribing details.
